![]() This gives the benefit of treating both validations and constraints similarly when presenting error messages to the end user. Proposed fix Change this code from: def error. Actual behavior It only shows the first one. The constraint error has the same format as a validation error. Expected behavior If multiple validations have called (changeset, :name), errortag(form, :name) should show all of them. The constraint itself is a map containing all of the relevant detail necessary to capture the database error and transform it into a changeset error. Adding a constraint to the changeset is also done similarly to validations with the application of a *_constraint function adding details to the constraints key of the changeset struct: %Ecto.Changeset If the changeset contains details of this constraint, then the changeset is able to handle the database error and transform it into a changeset error.Ī changeset constraint uses the same error reporting mechanism as a validation, adding an appropriate error record to the errors field on the changeset struct. For example, if a uniqueness constraint is added to the changeset, then this lets the changeset know that there is a potential for the database to produce an error when committing changes due to a duplicate value in the given column. Unlike validations, which are executed immediately on the changeset, and before a changeset is sent to the database, constraints are a way of encoding database errors as data and will only be used during an attempt to commit the data to the database. The equivalent constraint in this case, assuming the presence of a uniqueness index, is unique_constraint/3. This is a convenience method to avoid having to commit to the database to find out if a value is unique or not, but it is clearly labelled as being ‘unsafe’. ![]() Instead, it raises an error should we attempt to do that.Įcto even goes so far as to highlight validations that might not give us the appropriate guarantee, e.g., unsafe_validate_unique/4. That is, if we add a unique index on a database column then the database cannot add two identical values in that same column. Relying only on the validation could therefore produce inconsistent data.īy adding a uniqueness constraint we use the guarantees that the database can give us. A validation can only respond at the moment the validation is run and can thus provide no guarantees that an identical value hasn’t been submitted to the database in the time window between the execution of the validation and the committing of the value to the database. ![]() Why would you use a constraint over a validation? The archetypal example is a uniqueness constraint versus a uniqueness validation. ![]() It plays very much the same role as a validation but is one that is enforced at the most fundamental level, the row in a data store. It is normally used to ensure data consistency. Considering the particular case of the PostgreSQL database, which is the most popular data store used with Ecto, a constraint happens at the level of a database constraint.Ī database constraint is a tool that constrains the data entering the database. You can look at it as a kind of validation, but one that happens at the level of the data store.Ī normal validation happens at the level of your code. ![]() This post deals with constraints.Ī constraint is tightly linked to a data store. In previous posts What is a Changeset? and Validations we have been building up a changeset from nothing to take a look at all its constituent parts. If the cap was at 1, the behavior would make perfect sense: go up to 1 and then back down to 0.‘Iacta alea est’ What is a Changeset? Constraints Putting together the “max at 2” and “reduce by 1”, it looks like there is a bug in allowing it to grow to 2 in the first place. This simple module gives a counter-intuitive result: defmodule D doĪs expected, providing a short title triggers a validation error: iex(1)> cs = D.changeset(%D], ![]()
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